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- Ahmed, N., Tahir, K., Aslam, S., Cheema, S. M., Rabaan, A. A., Turkistani, S. A., Garout, M., Halwani, M. A., Aljeldah, M., Al Shammari, B. R., Sabour, A. A., Alshiekheid, M. A., Alshamrani, S. A., Azmi, R. A., Al-Absi, G. H., Zeb, S., & Yean, C. Y. (2022). Heavy Metal (Arsenic) Induced Antibiotic Resistance among Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Bacteria of Nosocomial Origin. Pharmaceuticals, 15(11), 1426. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15111426
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- Harun, Md. G. D., Anwar, M. M. U., Sumon, S. A., Hassan, Md. Z., Mohona, T. M., Rahman, A., Abdullah, S. A. H. M., Islam, M. S., Kaydos-Daniels, S. C., & Styczynski, A. R. (2022). Rationale and guidance for strengthening infection prevention and control measures and antimicrobial stewardship programs in Bangladesh: a study protocol. BMC Health Services Research, 22(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-08603-0
- Hofer, U. (2018). The cost of antimicrobial resistance. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 17(1), 3–3. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-018-0125-x
- Holmes, A. H., Moore, L. S. P., Sundsfjord, A., Steinbakk, M., Regmi, S., Karkey, A., Guerin, P. J., & Piddock, L. J. V. (2016). Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance. The Lancet, 387(10014), 176–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00473-0
- Iwu, C. D., & Patrick, S. M. (2021). An insight into the implementation of the global action plan on antimicrobial resistance in the WHO African region: A roadmap for action. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 58(4), 106411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2021.106411
- Johnson, N. L., Hayes, L. D., Brown, K., Hoo, E., & Ethier, K. A. (2014). CDC National Health Report: leading causes of morbidity and mortality and associated behavioral risk and protective factors--United States, 2005-2013. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 63(4), 3–27.
- Jubair, N., Rajagopal, M., Chinnappan, S., Abdullah, N. B., & Fatima, A. (2021). Review on the Antibacterial Mechanism of Plant-Derived Compounds against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria (MDR). Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2021, 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/3663315
- Lacotte, Y., Ã…rdal, C., & Ploy, M.-C. (2020). Infection prevention and control research priorities: what do we need to combat healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial resistance? Results of a narrative literature review and survey analysis. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-020-00801-x
- Laxminarayan, R., Duse, A., Wattal, C., Zaidi, A. K. M., Wertheim, H. F. L., Sumpradit, N., Vlieghe, E., Hara, G. L., Gould, I. M., Goossens, H., Greko, C., So, A. D., Bigdeli, M., Tomson, G., Woodhouse, W., Ombaka, E., Peralta, A. Q., Qamar, F. N., Mir, F., & Kariuki, S. (2013). Antibiotic resistance—the need for global solutions. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 13(12), 1057–1098. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(13)70318-9
- Limmathurotsakul, D., Dunachie, S., Fukuda, K., Feasey, N. A., Okeke, I. N., Holmes, A. H., Moore, C. E., Dolecek, C., van Doorn, H. R., Shetty, N., Lopez, A. D., & Peacock, S. J. (2019). Improving the estimation of the global burden of antimicrobial resistant infections. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 19(11), e392–e398. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30276-2
- MacKinnon, M. C., Sargeant, J. M., Pearl, D. L., Reid-Smith, R. J., Carson, C. A., Parmley, E. J., & McEwen, S. A. (2020). Evaluation of the health and healthcare system burden due to antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli infections in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, 9(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-020-00863-x
- Mehdi, M. M., Abbas, A., Javed, S., Rehman, A., Ahmad, A., Abbas, M., ... & Zeb, S. (2023). The CRISPR-Cas System: How It Works In Bacteria And How It Can Be Used To Encounter Antimicrobial Resistant Pathogens. Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, 14(3), 3681-3694. https://doi.org/10.47750/pnr.2023.14.03.461
- Melzer, M., & Petersen, I. (2007). Mortality following bacteraemic infection caused by extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli compared to non-ESBL producing E. coli. Journal of Infection, 55(3), 254–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2007.04.007
- Murray, C. J. (2022). Global Burden of Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance in 2019: a Systematic Analysis. The Lancet, 399(10325), 629–655. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0
- Okeke, I. N., Laxminarayan, R., Bhutta, Z. A., Duse, A. G., Jenkins, P., O’Brien, T. F., Pablos-Mendez, A., & Klugman, K. P. (2005). Antimicrobial resistance in developing countries. Part I: recent trends and current status. The Lancet. Infectious Diseases, 5(8), 481–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70189-4
- Okunogbe, A., Nugent, R., Spencer, G., Powis, J., Ralston, J., & Wilding, J. (2022). Economic impacts of overweight and obesity: current and future estimates for 161 countries. BMJ Global Health, 7(9), 481–493. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009773
- Omeiri, N. E., Beith, A., Bruinsma, N., Caipo, M. L., Barcos, L. O., Mesplet, M., Barrio, L. D., Minassian, M., Arias, I. C., Vásquez, G. A. N., Corrales, M. L., & Ramon-Pardo, P. (2023). Driving multisectoral antimicrobial resistance action in South America: Lessons learned from implementing an enhanced tripartite AMR country self-assessment tool. 16, 100474–100474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100474
- Organization, W. H. (2002). The world health report 2002: reducing risks, promoting healthy life. World Health Organization.
- Organization, W. H. (2008). World Health Report 2008 (The) Chinese. World Health Organization.
- Otsuka, Y. (2020). Potent Antibiotics Active against Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 68(3), 182–190. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.c19-00842
- Paramasivam, R., Gopal, D. R., Dhandapani, R., Subbarayalu, R., Elangovan, M. P., Prabhu, B., Veerappan, V., Nandheeswaran, A., Paramasivam, S., & Saravanan, M. (2023). Is AMR in Dairy Products a Threat to Human Health? An Updated Review on the Origin, Prevention, Treatment, and Economic Impacts of Subclinical Mastitis. Infect Drug Resist, Volume 16(6), 155–178. https://doi.org/10.2147/idr.s384776
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Cite this article
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APA : Ayesha., Shafi, S., & Fatima, N. (2023). Assessing Infection Patterns, Resistant Pathogens and Targeted Bacterial Mechanisms: A Comparative Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance in Five Countries. Global Pharmaceutical Sciences Review, VIII(I), 47-59. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpsr.2023(VIII-I).08
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CHICAGO : Ayesha, , Saba Shafi, and Noor Fatima. 2023. "Assessing Infection Patterns, Resistant Pathogens and Targeted Bacterial Mechanisms: A Comparative Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance in Five Countries." Global Pharmaceutical Sciences Review, VIII (I): 47-59 doi: 10.31703/gpsr.2023(VIII-I).08
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HARVARD : AYESHA., SHAFI, S. & FATIMA, N. 2023. Assessing Infection Patterns, Resistant Pathogens and Targeted Bacterial Mechanisms: A Comparative Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance in Five Countries. Global Pharmaceutical Sciences Review, VIII, 47-59.
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MHRA : Ayesha, , Saba Shafi, and Noor Fatima. 2023. "Assessing Infection Patterns, Resistant Pathogens and Targeted Bacterial Mechanisms: A Comparative Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance in Five Countries." Global Pharmaceutical Sciences Review, VIII: 47-59
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MLA : Ayesha, , Saba Shafi, and Noor Fatima. "Assessing Infection Patterns, Resistant Pathogens and Targeted Bacterial Mechanisms: A Comparative Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance in Five Countries." Global Pharmaceutical Sciences Review, VIII.I (2023): 47-59 Print.
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OXFORD : Ayesha, , Shafi, Saba, and Fatima, Noor (2023), "Assessing Infection Patterns, Resistant Pathogens and Targeted Bacterial Mechanisms: A Comparative Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance in Five Countries", Global Pharmaceutical Sciences Review, VIII (I), 47-59
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TURABIAN : Ayesha, , Saba Shafi, and Noor Fatima. "Assessing Infection Patterns, Resistant Pathogens and Targeted Bacterial Mechanisms: A Comparative Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance in Five Countries." Global Pharmaceutical Sciences Review VIII, no. I (2023): 47-59. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpsr.2023(VIII-I).08