ARTICLE

ANALYZING EUGLYCEMIC DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS TRENDS AMIDST THE RISE OF SGLT2 INHIBITORS A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

  1. HOME
  2. ARTICLE

04 Pages : 30-38

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpsr.2024(IX-II).04      10.31703/gpsr.2024(IX-II).04      Published : Jun 2024

Analyzing Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis Trends Amidst the Rise of SGLT-2 Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

    This overview investigates the increasing prevalence of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor-associated euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (EDKA) in type II diabetes patients. Due to its tendency to occur with normal or somewhat high blood sugar levels, EDKA poses unique obstacles to diagnosis and treatment. Based on an extensive review of recent literature, we examine clinical motifs, hazards, and remedy approaches. Our results emphasize how crucial it is to educate patients and actively monitor their ketone levels, particularly before and after operations or sickness. Our goal is to gain a greater awareness of the intricacies of EDKA in order to guide future investigations in this field and boost therapeutic results and evaluation.

    DKA, Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis (EDKA), SGLT-2 Inhibitors, Type II Diabetes, Patient Education

    (1) Muhammad Adnan
    Graduate, Saulat Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Drug Research, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (2) Ejaz Ahmed
    Graduate, Saulat Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Drug Research, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (3) Aimen Sahar
    Graduate, Saulat Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Drug Research, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (4) Savera Saghir
    Graduate, Saulat Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Drug Research, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (5) Mohammad Hossein Rafieikia
    Graduate, Saulat Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Drug Research, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan.
    (6) Ahtasham Saleem
    Graduate, Bioscience Department, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan.
Fulltext PDF

References

  • Adachi, J., Inaba, Y., & Maki, C. (2017). Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis with Persistent Diuresis Treated with Canagliflozin. Internal Medicine, 56(2), 187–190. https://doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.56.7501

  • Chao, E. C. (2014). SGLT-2 inhibitors: a new mechanism for glycemic control. Clinical Diabetes, 32(1), 4–11. https://doi.org/10.2337/diaclin.32.1.4
  • Chow, E., Clement, S., & Garg, R. (2023). Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis in the era of SGLT-2 inhibitors. BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care, 11(5), e003666. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2023-003666
  • Dagdeviren, M., Akkan, T., & Ertugrul, D. T. (2024). Re-emergence of a forgotten diabetes complication: Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis. Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine, 24(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.4103/tjem.tjem_110_23
  • Ess, M. S. E., & ElRishi, M. A. (2023). Severe euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis secondary to sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor: case report and literature review. Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 85(5), 2097–2101. https://doi.org/10.1097/ms9.0000000000000479
  • Farjo, P. D., Kidd, K. M., & Reece, J. L. (2016). A case of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis following long-term empagliflozin therapy. Diabetes Care, 39(10), e165–e166. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-0728
  • Goldenberg, R. M., Berard, L. D., Cheng, A. Y., Gilbert, J. D., Verma, S., Woo, V. C., & Yale, J. (2016). SGLT2 inhibitor-associated Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Clinical review and Recommendations for Prevention and diagnosis. Clinical Therapeutics, 38(12), 2654-2664.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2016.11.002
  • Juneja, D., Nasa, P., Jain, R., & Singh, O. (2023). Sodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors induced euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis: A meta summary of case reports. World Journal of Diabetes, 14(8), 1314–1322. https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v14.i8.1314
  • Koceva, A., & Tramšek, N. a. K. (2024). From sweet to sour: SGLT-2-Inhibitor-Induced euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 14(7), 665. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14070665
  • Mistry, S., & Eschler, D. C. (2021). Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis caused by SGLT2 inhibitors and a ketogenic Diet: A case series and review of literature. AACE Clinical Case Reports, 7(1), 17–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aace.2020.11.009
  • Morace, C., Lorello, G., Bellone, F., Quartarone, C., Ruggeri, D., Giandalia, A., Mandraffino, G., Minutoli, L., Squadrito, G., Russo, G. T., & Marini, H. R. (2024). Ketoacidosis and SGLT2 Inhibitors: A Narrative review. Metabolites, 14(5), 264. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14050264
  • Palmer, B. F., & Clegg, D. J. (2021). Euglycemic ketoacidosis as a complication of SGLT2 inhibitor therapy. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 16(8), 1284–1291. https://doi.org/10.2215/cjn.17621120
  • Plewa, M. C., Bryant, M., & King-Thiele, R. (2024). Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554570/
  • Rafey, M. F., Butt, A., Coffey, B., Reddington, L., Devitt, A., Lappin, D., & Finucane, F. M. (2019). Prolonged acidosis is a feature of SGLT2i-induced euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis. Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism Case Reports, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1530/edm-19-0087
  • Selwyn, J., & Pichardo-Lowden, A. R. (2023). Managing hospitalized patients taking SGLT2 inhibitors: reducing the risk of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis. Diabetology, 4(1), 86–92. https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology4010010
  • Vallon, V. (2011). The proximal tubule in the pathophysiology of the diabetic kidney. AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 300(5), R1009–R1022. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00809.2010
  • Yeo, S. M., Park, H., Paek, J. H., Park, W. Y., Han, S., Park, S. B., & Jin, K. (2019). Ketoacidosis with euglycemia in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus taking dapagliflozin. Medicine, 98(3), e14150. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000014150
  • York, D. S. M., Ng, K. E., & Jacob, E. C. (n.d.). Management of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis. U.S. Pharmacist. https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/management-of-euglycemic-diabetic-ketoacidosis
  • Zhang, L., & Tamilia, M. (2018). Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis associated with the use of a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 190(25), E766–E768. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.171319

Cite this article

APA

    APA : Adnan, M., Ahmed, E., & Sahar, A. (2024). Analyzing Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis Trends Amidst the Rise of SGLT-2 Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Review. Global Pharmaceutical Sciences Review, IX(II), 30-38. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpsr.2024(IX-II).04

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Adnan, Muhammad, Ejaz Ahmed, and Aimen Sahar. 2024. "Analyzing Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis Trends Amidst the Rise of SGLT-2 Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Review." Global Pharmaceutical Sciences Review, IX (II): 30-38 doi: 10.31703/gpsr.2024(IX-II).04

HARVARD

    HARVARD : ADNAN, M., AHMED, E. & SAHAR, A. 2024. Analyzing Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis Trends Amidst the Rise of SGLT-2 Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Review. Global Pharmaceutical Sciences Review, IX, 30-38.

MHRA

    MHRA : Adnan, Muhammad, Ejaz Ahmed, and Aimen Sahar. 2024. "Analyzing Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis Trends Amidst the Rise of SGLT-2 Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Review." Global Pharmaceutical Sciences Review, IX: 30-38

MLA

    MLA : Adnan, Muhammad, Ejaz Ahmed, and Aimen Sahar. "Analyzing Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis Trends Amidst the Rise of SGLT-2 Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Review." Global Pharmaceutical Sciences Review, IX.II (2024): 30-38 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Adnan, Muhammad, Ahmed, Ejaz, and Sahar, Aimen (2024), "Analyzing Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis Trends Amidst the Rise of SGLT-2 Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Review", Global Pharmaceutical Sciences Review, IX (II), 30-38

TURABIAN

    TURABIAN : Adnan, Muhammad, Ejaz Ahmed, and Aimen Sahar. "Analyzing Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis Trends Amidst the Rise of SGLT-2 Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Review." Global Pharmaceutical Sciences Review IX, no. II (2024): 30-38. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpsr.2024(IX-II).04