ARTICLE

AN EVALUATION OF QUALITYOFLIFE ASSESSMENT AMONG POST COVID 19 SURVIVORS WITH COMORBIDITIES IMPACT UPON THEIR PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH

03 Pages : 16-23

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpsr.2023(VIII-I).03      10.31703/gpsr.2023(VIII-I).03      Published : Mar 2023

An Evaluation of Quality-of-Life Assessment among Post Covid- 19 Survivors with Co-Morbidities & Impact Upon their Physical and Mental Health

    To assess the quality of life of Covid- 19 survivors with co-morbidities, association with gender and impact on their physical, and mental health, pain, self-care, and social activities. An online descriptive study was carried out in Khyber Pukhtoon Khwa from 12th January- 2021 to 12th March- 2021, with a 377 sample size from Raosoft online calculator. All COVID-19-recovered individuals with co-morbidities, a negative PCR, aged 18 and above, literate, residents of Peshawar and having smartphone/laptop/ internet access were included while the ones having no consent, hospitalized and severe patients were excluded from the study. Descriptive statistics with frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation however, inferential statistics were calculated for associations through Chi-square and paired t-tests with a significant p-value set at 0.05. The survey response rate was 51.4 % (n=193) out of 377. The participants had a mean age of 35 years (SD= 10.207, range= 16- 70 years). The highest responses were received from 22 years of age (26.3 %). The EQ5D mean score was 1.227 (SD= 1.89). The most frequently reported problem was anxiety/depression (54.8%) followed by pain/discomfort (46.8%), problems with usual activities (39.6%), mobility (26.7%) and self-care (15.1%). EQ5D showed a strong association with chronic diseases and significant p values for mobility, usual activities, and pain/discomfort (0.000) with 0.003 for anxiety/depression. COVID-19 survivors were associated with a substantial measurable decrease in their quality of life.

    COVID-19, Persistent Symptoms, Health-Related Quality of Life, Health Disparities, Disabilities, Mental Health
    (1) Farhat R. Malik
    Professor, Department of Community Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, (Peshawar Medical College, Warsak Road, Peshawar), Pakistan.
    (2) Hira Javed Iqbal
    Undergraduate Student- 4th Year MBBS, Peshawar Medical College, Warsak Road, Peshawar, (Affiliated with Riphah International University, Islamabad), Pakistan.
    (3) Hira Sumbal
    Undergraduate 4th Year MBBS Student, Riphah International University, Islamabad, (Peshawar Medical College, Warsak Road, Peshawar), Pakistan.
    (4) Fatima Shahid
    Undergraduate 4th Year MBBS Student, Riphah International University, Islamabad, (Peshawar Medical College, Warsak Road, Peshawar), Pakistan.
    (5) Zubaida Ali
    Undergraduate 4th Year MBBS Student, Riphah International University, Islamabad, (Peshawar Medical College, Warsak Road, Peshawar), Pakistan.
    (6) Aimen Mir
    Undergraduate 4th Year MBBS Student, Riphah International University, Islamabad, (Peshawar Medical College, Warsak Road, Peshawar), Pakistan.
  • Algahtani, F. D., Hassan, S.U., Alsaif, B., & Zrieq, R. (2021). Assessment of the Quality of Life during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 18(3), 847. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18030847.
  • Algamdi, M. M. (2021). Assessment of Post-COVID- 19 Quality of Life Using the Quality-of-Life Index. Patient Prefer Adherence. 15, 2587- 2596. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S340868
  • Ali, M., Jatoi, S., Maheshwari, S., Bawany, M. A., & Bukhari, D. (2022). Depression among Survivors of Covid-19 Infection and Its Impact on the Quality of Life. APMC. 16(1), 41- 44. https://doi.org/10.29054/apmc/2022.955
  • Ashraf, F., Zareen, G., Nusrat, A., Arif, A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2021). Correlates of Psychological Distress among Pakistani Adults during the COVID-19 Outbreak: Parallel and Serial Mediation Analyses. Frontiers in Psychology. 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.647821
  • Balestroni, G., & Bertolotti, G. (2012). [EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D): an instrument for measuring the quality of life]. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis . 78 (3), 155– 59. https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2012.121
  • Cucinotta, D., & Vanelli, M. (2020). WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic. Acta bio-medica. 91 (1), 157– 160. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v91i1.9397.
  • Fujikawa, A., Suzue, T., Jitsunari, F., & Hirao, T. (2011). Evaluation of health-related quality of life using EQ-5D in Takamatsu, Japan. Environ Health Prev Med. 16, 25– 35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12199-010-0162-1
  • Hanumantha, K. R., Naik, P., Varma, L., Varma, M., Manipal, S., & Sampath, P. (2021). Assessment of quality of life in patients after COVID-19 infection: A questionnaire-based observational study. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences. 12 (8), 9– 15: https://doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v12i8.37649
  • Kaso, A. W., Agero, G., Hurisa, Z., Kaso, T., Ewune, H. A., & Hailu, A. (2021). Evaluation of health- related quality of life of Covid-19 patients: a hospital-based study in South Central
  • Kharshiing, K.D., Kashyap, D., Gupta, K., Khursheed, M., Shahnawaz, M. G, Khan, N. H., Uniyal, R., & Rehman, U. (2020). Quality of Life in the COVID-19 Pandemic in India: Exploring the Role of Individual and Group Variables. Community Mental Health Journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-020-00712-6
  • Meng, H., Xu, Y., Dai, J., Zhang, Y., Liu, B., & Yang, H. (2020). Analyze the psychological impact of COVID-19 among the elderly population in China and make corresponding suggestions. Psychiatry Res. 289, 112983: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.11298 3.
  • Mohsen, S., El-Masry, R., Ali, O. F., & Hady, D. A. (2022). Quality of life during COVID-19 pandemic: a community-based study in Dakahlia governorate, Egypt. Glob Health res policy 7(15). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41256-022-00246-2
  • Nandasena, HMRKG., Pathirathna, M. L., Atapattu, AMMP., & Prasanga, P. T. S. (2021). Quality of life of COVID-19 patients after discharge: Systematic review. PLoS ONE. 17(2). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263941
  • Ping, W., Zheng, J., Niu, X., Guo, C., Zhang, J., & Yang, H. (2020). Evaluation of health-related quality of life using EQ-5D in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS ONE. 15(6). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234850
  • Qamar, M. A., Martins, R. S., Dhillon, R. A., Tharwani, A., Irfan, O., & Suriya, Q. F. (2022). Residual symptoms and the quality of life in individuals recovered from COVID-19 infection: A survey from Pakistan. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 75. 103361: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103361.
  • Rasheed, R., Rizwan, A., Javed, H., Shareef, F., &Zaidi, A. (2021). Socio-economic and environmental impacts of COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan—an integrated analysis. Environ Sci Rasheed, R., Rizwan, A., Javed, H., Shareef, F., &Zaidi, A. (2021). Socio-economic and environmental impacts of COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan—an integrated analysis. Environ Sci
  • Samlani, Z., Lemfadli, Y., Errami, A. A, Oubaha, S., & Krati, K. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on quality of life and well-being in Morocco. Arch Community Med Public Health. 6(2), 130- 134 . https://dx.doi.org/10.17352/2455-5479.000091
  • Shah, R., Ali, F. M., & Nixon, S. J . (2021). Measuring the impact of COVID-19 on the quality of life of the survivors, partners and family members: a cross-sectional international online survey. BMJ Open. 11. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047680
  • Shigemura, J., Ursano, R. J., Morganstein, J. C., Kurosawa, M., & Benedek, D. M. (2020). Public responses to the novel 2019 coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Japan: Mental health consequences and target populations. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 74(4), 281- 282. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12988
  • Tarazona, V., Kirouchena, D., Clerc, P., Pinsard- Laventure, F., & Bourrion, B. (2022). Quality of Life in COVID-19 Outpatients: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 11 (21), 6478. http s://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216478
  • Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., & Ho, C. S. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 17 (5), 1729 . https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729
  • WHO. (2020). Pneumonia of unknown cause– China: World Health Organization . https://www.who.int/csr/don/05-january-2020-pneumonia-of-unkown-cause-china/en/ .

Cite this article

    APA : Malik, F. R., Iqbal, H. J., & Sumbal, H. (2023). An Evaluation of Quality-of-Life Assessment among Post Covid- 19 Survivors with Co-Morbidities & Impact Upon their Physical and Mental Health. Global Pharmaceutical Sciences Review, VIII(I), 16-23. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpsr.2023(VIII-I).03
    CHICAGO : Malik, Farhat R., Hira Javed Iqbal, and Hira Sumbal. 2023. "An Evaluation of Quality-of-Life Assessment among Post Covid- 19 Survivors with Co-Morbidities & Impact Upon their Physical and Mental Health." Global Pharmaceutical Sciences Review, VIII (I): 16-23 doi: 10.31703/gpsr.2023(VIII-I).03
    HARVARD : MALIK, F. R., IQBAL, H. J. & SUMBAL, H. 2023. An Evaluation of Quality-of-Life Assessment among Post Covid- 19 Survivors with Co-Morbidities & Impact Upon their Physical and Mental Health. Global Pharmaceutical Sciences Review, VIII, 16-23.
    MHRA : Malik, Farhat R., Hira Javed Iqbal, and Hira Sumbal. 2023. "An Evaluation of Quality-of-Life Assessment among Post Covid- 19 Survivors with Co-Morbidities & Impact Upon their Physical and Mental Health." Global Pharmaceutical Sciences Review, VIII: 16-23
    MLA : Malik, Farhat R., Hira Javed Iqbal, and Hira Sumbal. "An Evaluation of Quality-of-Life Assessment among Post Covid- 19 Survivors with Co-Morbidities & Impact Upon their Physical and Mental Health." Global Pharmaceutical Sciences Review, VIII.I (2023): 16-23 Print.
    OXFORD : Malik, Farhat R., Iqbal, Hira Javed, and Sumbal, Hira (2023), "An Evaluation of Quality-of-Life Assessment among Post Covid- 19 Survivors with Co-Morbidities & Impact Upon their Physical and Mental Health", Global Pharmaceutical Sciences Review, VIII (I), 16-23
    TURABIAN : Malik, Farhat R., Hira Javed Iqbal, and Hira Sumbal. "An Evaluation of Quality-of-Life Assessment among Post Covid- 19 Survivors with Co-Morbidities & Impact Upon their Physical and Mental Health." Global Pharmaceutical Sciences Review VIII, no. I (2023): 16-23. https://doi.org/10.31703/gpsr.2023(VIII-I).03